Legislature(2017 - 2018)BARNES 124

05/01/2017 01:00 PM House RESOURCES

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* first hearing in first committee of referral
+ teleconferenced
= bill was previously heard/scheduled
+ Bills Previously Heard/Scheduled TELECONFERENCED
+= HB 197 COMMUNITY SEED LIBRARIES TELECONFERENCED
Moved CSHB 197(RES) Out of Committee
-- Testimony <Invitation Only> --
+= HB 218 STATE VETERINARIAN;ANIMALS;PRODUCTS TELECONFERENCED
Heard & Held
-- Testimony <Invitation Only> --
**Streamed live on AKL.tv**
           HB 218-STATE VETERINARIAN;ANIMALS;PRODUCTS                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
1:31:30 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR TARR announced that the  next order of business would be                                                               
HOUSE BILL  NO. 218, "An  Act relating to the  state veterinarian                                                               
and to animals and animal products."                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR  TARR  said the  bill  was  proposed  in response  to  a                                                               
request from  the Division of Agriculture,  Department of Natural                                                               
Resources (DNR),  to have  more access to,  and a  closer working                                                               
relationship with, the state veterinarian.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
1:32:35 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
ROBERT   GERLACH,   DMV,    State   Veterinarian,   Division   of                                                               
Environmental Health,  Department of  Environmental Conservation,                                                               
provided  a  PowerPoint  presentation entitled,  "Office  of  the                                                               
State Veterinarian," dated 5/1/17.   Dr. Gerlach paraphrased from                                                               
the mission  statement of  the Office  of the  State Veterinarian                                                               
(OSV) as follows [original punctuation provided] [slide 2]:                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
     The  Office of  the State  Veterinarian is  responsible                                                                    
     for the  prevention, control and eradication  of animal                                                                    
     diseases  in   all  animals  in  the   state  including                                                                    
     livestock and  pets, safeguarding  the health  and food                                                                    
     production   capacity   of   the   State's   livestock,                                                                    
     reindeer, and poultry and preventing the transmission                                                                      
     of animal diseases to humans.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH directed  attention to slide 3 which  listed the five                                                               
program functions of OSV:                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
   • 1.  One Health concept focusing on the impact of disease,                                                                  
     import  regulations for  animals,  disease surveillance  and                                                               
     investigation,   import  of   veterinary  biologicals,   and                                                               
     emergency response to an animal  disease outbreak or hazard,                                                               
     such as  housing people with  their pets and  animals during                                                               
     times of fire or flooding                                                                                                  
   • 2.  Dairy program looks at sanitation at dairy farms and                                                                   
     milk  facilities,  to assure  dairy  products  are safe  for                                                               
     human consumption                                                                                                          
   • 3.  Reindeer slaughter by reindeer producers within the                                                                    
     state                                                                                                                      
   • 4.  Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), Produce Safety                                                                   
     Rule which  is a federal  program to address  the production                                                               
     of safe and wholesome produce within the state                                                                             
   • 5.  Fish monitoring program, which is looking at the impact                                                                
     of disease  not on just  an animal, but  on the impact  of a                                                               
     disease or  environmental contaminant on the  environment in                                                               
     which   the  animals   live,  and   how  the   transport  of                                                               
     contaminants to Alaska can impact water quality.                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
1:36:28 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  PARISH   asked  which  department   inspects  for                                                               
paralytic shellfish poisoning.                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH answered  the Food  Safety  and Sanitation  Program,                                                               
Division of Environmental Health, DEC.                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  BIRCH  recalled  previous  discussions  regarding                                                               
[the lack] of veterinarians available  to serve rural Alaska, and                                                               
inquired  as to  Dr.  Garlach's interaction  with  the [Board  of                                                               
Veterinary  Examiners,  Division  of Corporations,  Business  and                                                               
Professional  Licensing,  Department  of  Commerce,  Community  &                                                               
Economic Development].                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
1:37:42 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH  said OSV  works  with  veterinarian licensing  only                                                               
regarding  the   duties  and  professional   responsibilities  of                                                               
licensing.    To  address  the  needs  of  areas  underserved  by                                                               
veterinarian  care,  OSV  supports   the  work  of  the  National                                                               
Assembly of State Animal Health  Officials to lobby for [federal]                                                               
programs  by  the  National Institute  of  Food  and  Agriculture                                                               
(NIFA),  U.S. Department  of Agriculture  (USDA),  so states  can                                                               
recognize  underserved  or  remote  areas  and  offer  veterinary                                                               
education loan  repayment programs  in the  amount of  $75,000 to                                                               
$100,000 to  veterinarians who serve  in underserved areas.   Dr.                                                               
Garlach identified five underserved areas  in Alaska.  To qualify                                                               
for the  loan repayment  program, veterinarians  provide services                                                               
to the identified  areas, and 30 percent of their  duties need to                                                               
be  supporting food-producing  animals.   In further  response to                                                               
Representative Birch,  he said  OSV works  with agencies  such as                                                               
Alaska Rural  Veterinary Outreach  Inc., and Alaska  Native Rural                                                               
Veterinary,  Inc., and  also coordinates  with Arctic  Care 2017,                                                               
provided  by the  military in  Kodiak, to  ensure volunteers  and                                                               
clinics  do   not  negatively   impact  veterinarians   who  have                                                               
practices  in underserved  areas.   Regarding licensing,  OSV has                                                               
satisfied  concerns about  licensing authority  for veterinarians                                                               
who may be brought into the state during an emergency.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR TARR questioned  what functions of OSV  are more closely                                                               
aligned  with agriculture  and DNR,  and which  are more  closely                                                               
aligned with DEC; she also asked if there are staffing issues.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
1:43:15 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH said  his programs  are focused  on disease  and the                                                               
impacts of disease  on animal health, and on the  risks of animal                                                               
disease  to  animal  resources;   programs  of  the  Division  of                                                               
Agriculture  often promote  the  expansion of  the production  of                                                               
food.    He  characterized  these  activities  as  separate  with                                                               
respect  to  disease  and  its  impact  on  animals,  their  food                                                               
products, and the  environmental impact.  In  fact, many diseases                                                               
can  be  spread  by  carcasses  and  animal  waste,  which  would                                                               
contaminate the environment and impact other uses of the land.                                                                  
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE WESTLAKE asked  if there are policies  in place to                                                               
intervene in  a case  similar to  the anthrax  that was  found in                                                               
caribou in Russia.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH said  OSV is statutorily responsible  for all animals                                                               
in  the state  with  respect to  disease.   He  works with  other                                                               
partners such as  the Alaska Department of Fish &  Game (ADFG) to                                                               
address concerns,  for example, the interaction  of wildlife with                                                               
domestic  animals   related  to   the  transmission   of  disease                                                               
pathogens.   In Russia, livestock  was infected with  anthrax and                                                               
drastic measures were taken to control the spread of disease.                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  PARISH   asked  whether   veterinary  biologicals                                                               
include antibiotics for domestic livestock.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH advised  veterinary  biologicals  are products  like                                                               
vaccines  and other  disease agent  biologicals that  prevent and                                                               
treat  disease, but  they  do not  include  antibiotics or  other                                                               
drugs used in a normal veterinary practice.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  PARISH asked  if Dr.  Garlach is  responsible for                                                               
overseeing the use of antibiotics in domestic livestock.                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
1:46:41 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH  said  he  is  responsible only  in  regard  to  new                                                               
regulations  from the  U.S. Food  and Drug  Administration (FDA),                                                               
U.S. Department  of Health and  Human Services.   As part  of the                                                               
Food  Safety Modernization  Act,  the  Veterinary Feed  Directive                                                               
(VFD)  states  that  any  antibiotic given  to  livestock  or  to                                                               
animals that produce food for  human consumption - because of the                                                               
concern of  antibiotic resistance  - must be  accounted for  by a                                                               
veterinarian when applied in feed  or water.  In further response                                                               
to  Representative Parish,  he said  Alaska does  not have  large                                                               
livestock operations  that use antibiotics for  growth promotion.                                                               
In Alaska,  antibiotics are  used to  treat disease  and properly                                                               
maintain   health;  he   pointed  out   he  is   concerned  about                                                               
legislation  that restricts  the use  of antibiotics  and thereby                                                               
compromise  humane care,  although using  antibiotics to  promote                                                               
growth is inappropriate.                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH returned attention to  his presentation and noted OSV                                                               
is responsible  for a diversity  of programs and  initiatives; to                                                               
do so with a small staff,  OSV relies on many collaborative state                                                               
partners such  as the Division  of Agriculture, (DNR),  ADFG, the                                                               
Department of  Health and Social Services  (DHSS), the Department                                                               
of Military  & Veterans'  Affairs, and  the University  of Alaska                                                               
(UA).  Federal partners include  the following:  USDA, veterinary                                                               
and wildlife  services, and the  Food Safety  Inspection Service;                                                               
FDA;  the U.S.  Department of  the Interior  (DOI); the  National                                                               
Oceanic  and Atmospheric  Administration (NOAA),  U.S. Department                                                               
of Commerce; the Centers for  Disease Control, U.S. Department of                                                               
Health and Human  Services; U. S. Customs  and Border Protection,                                                               
U.S. Department  of Homeland Security.   Dr. Garlach said  all of                                                               
these agencies allow OSV to  communicate with agents in the field                                                               
and serve Alaskans and animal  health; for example, the U.S. Fish                                                               
and  Wildlife  Service,  the  National  Park  Service,  the  U.S.                                                               
Geological  Survey,  and  the Bureau  of  Land  Management,  DOI,                                                               
supported tracking mortality events that  led to the discovery in                                                               
Fairbanks of the  first case of avian influenza  in Alaska's wild                                                               
bird population [slide 4].                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
1:51:35 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR TARR  inquired as  to whether OSV  is involved  with the                                                               
Board of Game (BOG), ADFG, issue related to goats and sheep.                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH   said  subsequent  to  the   proposal  before  BOG,                                                               
introduced  by the  Wild Sheep  Foundation, he  corresponded with                                                               
ADFG on regulations and facilitated  a working group with members                                                               
from  the Alaska  Farm Bureau,  Inc., sheep  and goat  owners and                                                               
producers,  the  Wild  Sheep Foundation,  OSV,  the  Division  of                                                               
Agriculture, and ADFG.                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH returned  to  the  One Health  concept  which is  an                                                               
efficient approach to animal disease  and traceability.  Research                                                               
in  the  medical  and  veterinary  fields  has  shown  that  many                                                               
diseases  and stressors  that can  cause diseases  are shared  by                                                               
animals  and people,  and veterinarians  have more  background on                                                               
this relationship;  in fact, OSV can  look at an outbreak  - such                                                               
as pneumonia  that can be transferred  to wild sheep and  goats -                                                               
and  determine risks.    He  pointed out  the  transmission of  a                                                               
disease  agent,  in  order  to   transmit  disease,  must  be  in                                                               
sufficient quantity, and  have other factors.   [OSV] can address                                                               
health issues  for animals, impacts  of disease on the  health of                                                               
wildlife,  the safety  of food  products, and  impacts on  public                                                               
health.    Dr.   Garlach  noted  about  1,500   diseases  can  be                                                               
transferred  between animals  and  humans, and  stressed over  75                                                               
percent of emerging human diseases are zoonotic [slide 5].                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
1:56:27 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  RAUSCHER  asked  whether  Dr.  Garlach  spoke  to                                                               
reversing the decision on sheep and goats.                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH said  he is  encouraging the  aforementioned working                                                               
group to gather information to  determine whether there is a risk                                                               
of  transmitting  a   disease  agent  to  wild   sheep  and  goat                                                               
populations in the state.   In further response to Representative                                                               
Rauscher, he  explained the issue  is complex; in fact,  20 years                                                               
ago wild sheep "die offs"  were blamed on mannheimia haemolytica,                                                               
but  further study  revealed that  to be  incorrect.   It is  now                                                               
suspected mycoplasma  ovipneumonia caused die offs  in wild sheep                                                               
populations.   Because Alaska has  a small  livestock population,                                                               
it is unknown whether mycoplasma  ovipneumonia exists in Alaska's                                                               
domestic sheep  and goats,  or whether  there is  a risk  to wild                                                               
sheep and goats, and he  cautioned against taking action unless a                                                               
problem is identified.                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  RAUSCHER   asked  what  is  needed   to  reach  a                                                               
conclusion.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH   advised  OSV  has   designed  a  study   with  the                                                               
Agricultural  Research Service,  USDA, and  the Washington  State                                                               
Animal Disease  Diagnostic Lab,  Washington State  University, in                                                               
which sheep and  goat producers in Alaska  can voluntarily sample                                                               
their sheep.   This  is a  blind study  that identifies  farms by                                                               
code  to  guarantee  confidentiality.   In  further  response  to                                                               
Representative  Rauscher, he  said the  study is  being organized                                                               
now, and  offers to  participate will be  presented to  sheep and                                                               
goat owners beginning [mid-March 2017].                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  JOHNSON  relayed  she has  heard  concerns  about                                                               
animals that  are registered out-of-state  as a function  of OSV,                                                               
and that proprietary  information on herds, and  owners of herds,                                                               
could be made available to  anyone under the [federal] Freedom of                                                               
Information Act[s].                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
2:02:57 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH  confirmed that  one who  imports livestock  into the                                                               
state needs  to have an  import permit and a  health certificate;                                                               
the health  certificate reveals  disease testing  information and                                                               
the permit reveals the source  of the animal and its destination.                                                               
He agreed  this information is  proprietary and does not  need to                                                               
be made public; however, the information  does need to be held by                                                               
the state should  a threat occur.  [OSV] proposed  the state hold                                                               
the  information and  only share  the  information with  partners                                                               
when  it   is  appropriate  and  necessary   to  preserve  animal                                                               
resources.   In  further response  to Representative  Johnson, he                                                               
said  the information  is  important  marketing information  that                                                               
could be used by a competitor, and should be protected.                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE RAUSCHER  asked if zoonotic meant  the transfer of                                                               
disease from human to animal, but not the reverse.                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH  said zoonotic  is  both  ways, for  example,  swine                                                               
influenza was  transferred from people  to pigs.  He  restated 75                                                               
percent of emerging diseases are  zoonotic and can be transferred                                                               
back and  forth between animals  and humans.  Dr.  Garlach turned                                                               
attention  to a  graph  on  slide 6  illustrating  the number  of                                                               
permits and  the number  of animals  imported into  Alaska during                                                               
fiscal  years (FY)  2014-2016; one  permit is  required for  each                                                               
shipment  of animals.    He  pointed out  the  number of  poultry                                                               
shipments imported  into the state  has increased  greatly, which                                                               
increases the  risk of introducing  disease.  In response  to the                                                               
increase,  OSV has  converted to  an electronic  records tracking                                                               
system, which  was important two  years ago to locate  a shipment                                                               
of  poultry that  was imported  from a  farm infected  with avian                                                               
influenza; the  electronic system  for tracking  and traceability                                                               
allowed OSV to  identify the destination of  the poultry, contact                                                               
the farmer, test other animals  on the farm, confiscate eggs, and                                                               
prevent the possible introduction of  disease into the state.  In                                                               
response to Co-Chair  Tarr, he said the rise  in imported poultry                                                               
is due to  a national trend for raising backyard  poultry for the                                                               
production of meat and eggs and for educational purposes.                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
2:10:14 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE BIRCH asked if [slide  6] reflected animal imports                                                               
statewide.                                                                                                                      
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH said  yes, and  added  some animals  are shipped  to                                                               
remote areas and OSV relies on  its partners to respond and serve                                                               
farmers  throughout the  state.   In  response to  Representative                                                               
Rauscher, he  explained the import  numbers of hatching  eggs and                                                               
chicks are  obtained from hatcheries,  and the import  numbers of                                                               
other  animals are  provided  by shippers  and  from Customs  and                                                               
Border  Protection.   If  a  permit has  not  been obtained,  OSV                                                               
notifies the veterinarian who issued the health certificate.                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTIVE RAUSCHER  observed many  animals are  being imported                                                               
into Alaska.                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH directed  attention to slide 7, and noted  one of the                                                               
more  disturbing outbreaks  in the  state is  brucellosis because                                                               
each species  is affected  by a  specific strain  of brucellosis,                                                               
but  the strains  can be  interchanged.   Twenty  percent of  the                                                               
cases  founds  in  humans is  associated  with  recreational  and                                                               
subsistence  hunting; for  example,  through  hunting caribou  or                                                               
processing reindeer  in Alaska,  although it is  uncommonly found                                                               
in reindeer due  to herd health management.   However, Alaska has                                                               
problems in  domestic animals, and  in wildlife,  especially with                                                               
endemic rabies found  in Arctic fox.  If there  is human exposure                                                               
to  rabies, animals  are tested  by  DHSS in  Fairbanks, but  the                                                               
level  of risk  from  rabies  in wild  animals  is  unknown.   He                                                               
described a  program that  will utilize a  rapid disease  test to                                                               
allow  testing of  wildlife  and thereby  try  to understand  the                                                               
distribution of rabies in the state.   Dr. Garlach noted about 1-                                                               
4  percent  of foxes  trapped  in  the  state test  positive  for                                                               
rabies.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
2:17:06 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE RAUSCHER  inquired as to whether  the herpes virus                                                               
in domestic rabbits is zoonotic.                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
2:17:32 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH  said no, and  described an outbreak of  an extremely                                                               
rare virus.                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE DRUMMOND  asked how rabies is  transmitted from an                                                               
animal to a human.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH  stated rabies is  transmitted either through  a bite                                                               
or  scratch,  because the  rabies  virus  infects the  brain  and                                                               
spreads to  salivary glands; another pathway  is through exposure                                                               
to  infected  tissue.   In  further  response  to  Representative                                                               
Drummond,  he said  DHSS maintains  a record  of humans  who have                                                               
been exposed to  rabies by wild animals.  In  further response to                                                               
Representative Drummond, he  said an error on slide  7 lists "Pet                                                               
Foods"   but  should   list  "Pets";   salmonella  and   chemical                                                               
contaminants  sometimes  transmit  to domestic  pets  and  humans                                                               
through treats and raw foods.                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
2:21:01 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  PARISH  asked  for  the economic  impact  of  the                                                               
aforementioned   incident  that   led  to   the  destruction   of                                                               
[hatching] eggs.                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                
2:21:25 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH said  one dozen  eggs  that had  been purchased  and                                                               
shipped  from  Idaho were  destroyed.    In further  response  to                                                               
Representative Parish, he said if  an outbreak of avian influenza                                                               
had  occurred, the  highest cost  would have  been to  the family                                                               
farm and perhaps  a health risk to the farmer;  the response from                                                               
OSV would have been to  identify the disease agent, and determine                                                               
if there has been contact with wild birds and other poultry.                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
2:23:27 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH directed  attention to  slide 8  and said  the dairy                                                               
program is required by the  Grade "A" Pasteurized Milk Ordinance,                                                               
FDA,  and regulates  the  health  of the  cows,  as  well as  the                                                               
production of raw  milk and pasteurized products  and the testing                                                               
of equipment.   He said the Alaska dairy industry  is very "high-                                                               
tech"  and the  farmers are  very  competent and  provide a  safe                                                               
product  for  consumers.     [OSV]  is  closely   tied  with  the                                                               
Environmental  Health   Laboratory,  Division   of  Environmental                                                               
Health,  DEC, which  conducts the  testing on  milk products  and                                                               
brucellosis surveillance.  He stressed  that the state is testing                                                               
about once  a month, but  the farmers and processing  plants test                                                               
every batch of raw milk prior to the pasteurization process.                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
2:26:12 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  BIRCH asked  about the  dangers of  consuming raw                                                               
milk.                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH  acknowledged  there   is  a  nationwide  increasing                                                               
interest  in the  consumption of  local products,  produce, meat,                                                               
raw milk,  and products  made from  raw milk.   He  reported from                                                               
1998 to 2011,  a Center for Disease Control (CDC)  study found of                                                               
all  foodborne   illnesses  reported   in  the  U.S.   that  were                                                               
associated with  dairy products, 80 percent  were associated with                                                               
raw  milk  products.   A  subsequent  study  from 2009  to  2014,                                                               
reported outbreaks  associated with raw  milk have risen  from 80                                                               
percent to over  95 percent, or about 750  illnesses reported per                                                               
year, of which 22 percent  required hospitalization.  Dr. Garlach                                                               
explained,  even with  proper procedures,  bacteria  can be  shed                                                               
directly  into the  milk  by the  cow.   In  further response  to                                                               
Representative  Birch,  he  said   in  the  U.S.,  five  diseases                                                               
associated with raw milk are  Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli,                                                               
Listeria,  and  Cryptosporidium.   In  Europe,  tuberculosis  and                                                               
brucellosis are  also found  to be associated  with raw  milk and                                                               
raw  milk  products;  brucellosis  in  humans  is  a  devastating                                                               
disease.                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                
2:29:00 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  BIRCH inquired  as  to field  methods that  would                                                               
pasteurize raw milk.                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                
2:32:19 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH explained  pasteurization  is a  heat treatment  and                                                               
through  a specific  regiment of  boiling  and high  temperatures                                                               
kills pathogens.  Grade "A" dairies use a high-pressure, short-                                                                 
time-period pasteurization method to remove pathogens.                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
2:32:58 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR  TARR  noted  not  all  store-bought  food  is  free  of                                                               
foodborne illness.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
2:33:25 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH  agreed and stated  5 percent of illnesses  caused by                                                               
dairy  products   are  through  pasteurized  products   that  are                                                               
approved.    Any  food  product has  the  potential  to  transfer                                                               
disease  and  the  goals  of  the programs  through  OSV  are  to                                                               
decrease the risk to low as possible.                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR  TARR  observed Alaska  residents  can  access raw  milk                                                               
through  herd-sharing,   and  asked   whether  there   have  been                                                               
illnesses reported from products in Alaska.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH stated  the  sale  of raw  milk  is  not allowed  in                                                               
Alaska, but state  regulations allow a person who  owns an animal                                                               
to use  its milk, and thus  people can buy  shares in a cow  or a                                                               
goat, and  obtain a certain  amount of product from  that animal.                                                               
In Alaska, there have been  three known outbreaks associated with                                                               
cow-share operations.   He  then directed  attention to  slide 9,                                                               
and  explained OSV  manages a  reindeer  slaughter program  which                                                               
provides  regulatory oversight  of the  commercial slaughter  and                                                               
processing of  reindeer, to ensure  wholesomeness and  quality of                                                               
reindeer for commercial  sale within the state.   Meat inspection                                                               
in Alaska is within the purview of USDA since 1999.                                                                             
                                                                                                                                
2:36:25 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE BIRCH asked if OSV  has jurisdiction over reindeer                                                               
horns.                                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
2:36:31 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH said  antlers come under the purview of  OSV if there                                                               
is  a disease  associated with  the reindeer  from which  growing                                                               
antlers  were  harvested -  due  to  the  presence of  blood  and                                                               
tissue.  Growing  antlers are desired products  for certain Asian                                                               
markets;  antlers   used  for  artifacts   are  outside   of  his                                                               
authority.    Furthermore,  an antler  exported  out-of-state  is                                                               
under the authority of USDA.                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
2:37:24 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH continued to slide  10 and informed the committee the                                                               
FSMA Produce Safety Rule is a  new program established by DEC and                                                               
housed  within  OSA.    The  Produce Safety  Rule  is  a  federal                                                               
regulation  formulated  by  FDA  which  is  designed  to  address                                                               
foodborne outbreaks of  illness related to produce.   In response                                                               
to the regulation, the Division  of Environmental Health, DEC, is                                                               
working  to  ensure produce  produced  in  Alaska, by  farms  who                                                               
market  quantities  over  $250,000,  is safe  and  meets  certain                                                               
quality  standards.   Although most  producers in  Alaska do  not                                                               
reach this  criterion, smaller farms can  participate and benefit                                                               
from the  program by meeting  the quality standards that  are set                                                               
and  advertised.   Currently,  to support  this  program, OSV  is                                                               
working  with the  Division of  Agriculture, and  the Cooperative                                                               
Extension  Service,  University  of Alaska  Fairbanks  (UAF),  to                                                               
inform  farmers,  and  he   described  other  ongoing  activities                                                               
related  to education,  outreach, and  technical assistance,  all                                                               
with a  local focus.   In response  to Representative  Parish, he                                                               
said  FDA fully  funds the  administration  of the  program by  a                                                               
grant  through DEC  in  a  manner similar  to  other food  safety                                                               
programs.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                
2:43:06 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE WESTLAKE  expressed support for OSV  programs that                                                               
provide technical assistance and  implement standards specific to                                                               
the different regions throughout the state.                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH said the last OSA  program to review is a fish tissue                                                               
monitoring  program  that  was established  in  2001  to  address                                                               
concerns  raised by  the  Environmental  Protection Agency  (EPA)                                                               
regarding Alaska's recommendations for  the consumption of Alaska                                                               
fish.   Because the  state seeks scientific  data to  justify its                                                               
recommendations,  OSA monitors  fish  for contaminants,  mercury,                                                               
and  persistent   organic  pollutants  such   as  polychlorinated                                                               
biphenyls (PCBs); in fact, 90  species of fish and shellfish have                                                               
been  sampled,  and  10,000  samples  have  been  analyzed.    He                                                               
reported  that   testing  has  shown  extremely   low  levels  of                                                               
contamination,  therefore,  DHSS  can issue  recommendations  for                                                               
unrestricted consumption  of many species  of fish in  the state.                                                               
He said Alaskans  are free to make their own  decisions about the                                                               
amount of  fish they want  to eat.   Dr. Garlach  cautioned there                                                               
are restricted amounts  for the consumption of  salmon shark, and                                                               
pike from certain  areas, which have elevated  levels of mercury.                                                               
In  addition,   after  the  [tsunami  and   nuclear  disaster  in                                                               
Fukushima, Japan]  in 2011,  OSA worked with  FDA and  tested for                                                               
radiation  contamination  in  Alaska fish  utilizing  a  portable                                                               
gamma lab  housed with the Environmental  Health Laboratory, DEC.                                                               
Using  the portable  gamma lab,  the state  can test  and measure                                                               
contaminants in Alaska fish and transmit  the data to the FDA lab                                                               
for evaluation and  reporting; the portable lab  allows the state                                                               
to respond rapidly  to an event, and he noted  Alaska was a pilot                                                               
program   for  the   portable  gamma   lab.     Another  emerging                                                               
contaminate  issue  is  with  arsenic  in  shellfish,  which  has                                                               
affected Alaska's international trade  partners.  He stressed the                                                               
importance of being able to  respond rapidly to contaminates, and                                                               
further  described  the  processes   of  testing  and  developing                                                               
recommendations for  the state.   Dr. Garlach  concluded Alaska's                                                               
low  levels of  contamination support  the marketing  of Alaska's                                                               
seafood as beneficial to one's health [slide 11].                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
2:49:49 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE BIRCH inquired  as to whether OSV  is monitoring a                                                               
problem related to  warming waters that has led  to an affliction                                                               
of the salmon in the Yukon River.                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH  said Ichthyophonus is  a parasite that  affects king                                                               
salmon;  NOAA  and  ADFG  are   monitoring  and  researching  the                                                               
problem, as is the University of Alaska (UA).                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR TARR  gleaned from the  presentation that  the important                                                               
work of  OSA is  focused on  disease prevention.   In  some other                                                               
states, the state veterinarian is  housed within Agriculture, and                                                               
she  asked how  OSA could  support the  future of  agriculture in                                                               
Alaska.                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH  restated OSA  works  with  the College  of  Natural                                                               
Science and Mathematics, Department  of Veterinary Medicine, UAF,                                                               
the Cooperative  Extension Service, UAF, the  Alaska Farm Bureau,                                                               
Inc., the Alaska  Farmers Union, and the  Division of Agriculture                                                               
to provide educational materials to  producers to help them raise                                                               
healthy animals and  avoid disease.  He  opined veterinarians are                                                               
a   valuable  resource   for  the   state,  and   OSA  encourages                                                               
veterinarians to  practice in  Alaska through  the aforementioned                                                               
veterinary loan repayment program.                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR TARR  questioned whether  members of OSA  staff assigned                                                               
to the  Environmental Health Laboratory could  be assigned within                                                               
the Division of Agriculture, "so  that ... [its] mission could be                                                               
more fully supported."                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                
DR.  GARLACH  reviewed  his  job  description  and  that  of  the                                                               
assistant  state  veterinarian.   His  assignments  and those  of                                                               
other   OSV  staff   encompass  many   other  programs   such  as                                                               
inspections, fish  monitoring work,  the produce food  safety and                                                               
dairy programs,  and the  administration of  federal grants.   He                                                               
agreed  a veterinarian  assigned to  the Division  of Agriculture                                                               
would be  an asset  for outreach and  education for  the division                                                               
and for OSV.                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
CO-CHAIR TARR  asked if Dr.  Garlach envisions adding  a position                                                               
similar to  the wildlife veterinarian within  ADFG, but retaining                                                               
OSV within DEC.                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
2:56:15 PM                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                                
DR.   GARLACH  was   unsure,  and   restated   his  belief   that                                                               
veterinarians  are a  key component  to the  One Health  concept,                                                               
which  addresses how  aspects  of health  are  interrelated.   He                                                               
described  the structure  of the  state veterinarian's  office in                                                               
Pennsylvania.                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  PARISH  asked  where he  would  find  information                                                               
about contamination from heavy metals present in Alaska fish.                                                                   
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH advised  DHSS recently reopened studies  of the risks                                                               
and benefits of consuming marine  mammals, and pointed out marine                                                               
mammals  carry different  risks as  they have  a variety  of food                                                               
sources and methods  of feeding; in addition,  marine mammals may                                                               
have higher levels  of contamination because they are  at the top                                                               
of the food chain.                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                
REPRESENTATIVE  DRUMMOND asked  if  the  UAF veterinary  medicine                                                               
program serves in partnership with an outside veterinary school.                                                                
                                                                                                                                
DR. GARLACH said  veterinary students take their  first two years                                                               
at UAF and then finish their  last two years at the University of                                                               
Colorado.  During  their studies at UAF,  veterinary students are                                                               
of great benefit to Alaska in the field of veterinary research.                                                                 
                                                                                                                                
[HB 218 was held over.]                                                                                                         

Document Name Date/Time Subjects
HB218 Supporting Document - DEC Duties and OSV Programs 5.1.17.pdf HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 218
HB218 Supporting Document - OSV Overview 05.01.2017.pdf HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 218
HB197 Ammendment 2 to CS 4.28.17.pdf HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197
HB 197 Sponsor Statement.pdf HRES 4/10/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/12/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/17/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/19/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/26/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/28/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197
HB197 Version J 4.5.2017.pdf HRES 4/10/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/12/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/17/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/19/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/26/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/28/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197
HB197 Sectional Analysis ver J 4.6.2017.pdf HRES 4/10/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/12/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/17/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/19/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/26/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/28/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197
HB197 Fiscal Note - DNR-PMC 4.7.17.pdf HRES 4/10/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/12/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/17/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/19/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/26/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/28/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197
HB197 Supporting Document - Article. Seed Bill 4.9.17.pdf HRES 4/10/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/12/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/17/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/19/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/26/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/28/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197
HB197. Version O.pdf HRES 4/26/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/28/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197
Explanation of Changes. HB197. Version O.pdf HRES 4/26/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 4/28/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197
HB197 Ammendment to CS 4.26.17.pdf HRES 4/28/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197
HB197 Opposition Document - Letter of Opposition 4.27.17.pdf HRES 4/28/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197
HB218 Sponsor Statement 4.11.17.pdf HRES 4/17/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 218
HB218 Version A 4.16.17.PDF HRES 4/17/2017 1:00:00 PM
HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 218
HB197 Supporting Document - Letter of Support 5.1.17.pdf HRES 5/1/2017 1:00:00 PM
HB 197